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Mania Depression

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We all know what a ‘maniac’ is. We all know what ‘depression’ is, too. But overuse of these words masks the fact that for sufferers of bipolar disorder, they have a rather different meaning.

At its simplest, bipolar disorder involves mood swings that take a person from mania – hyperactivity, delusions of grandeur, and sometimes immense creativity – to depression – a feeling of powerlessness and low self-worth. In the manic phase, they can be incredibly difficult to live with – driven, irritable, even prone to rage, or simply ‘hyper’, unable to stop talking. In the depressive phase, they may withdraw completely from human contact.

While we all have feelings like this from time to time, most of us don’t let the feelings take us over entirely, and they disappear in due course. In bipolar disorder, too, the person will experience long periods of ‘normality’, but when they swing to one extreme or the other they find themselves unable to cope. In the manic phase for instance they may harm themselves through risk-seeking behavior – losing huge amounts gambling, or driving recklessly – while in the depressive phase they may feel apathetic and unable to work, talk to anyone, or even get out of bed.

No one is sure what causes bipolar disorder; there are genetic and environmental factors. Sometimes it is first diagnosed immediately after a stressful event that has affected the patient. People whose families include someone suffering from either schizophrenia or bipolar disorder are particularly predisposed to it, and there is a good deal of scientific research on this subject.

Whatever the cause, there is no doubt that it is a real medical condition, and the right treatment can make a huge difference to the patient’s quality of life.

Family and friends can make a huge difference by giving their full support in a non-judgmental way. They may need to understand that symptoms such as irritability, emotional withdrawal, and anger or even rage are part of the condition. That can undoubtedly be difficult when someone is going through a manic phase.

They can also help by noticing the patient’s moods and helping him or her deal with feelings of inadequacy, loneliness, loss, or anger.

Family can also help by ensuring the patient remember to take medication at the right time; lithium, for instance, needs to be taken daily in a regular manner in order to moderate the patient’s mood swings effectively.

Sometimes, bipolar disorder is manifested with symptoms of both depression and mania at once (’mixed’ disorder). The person might for instance be depressed and withdrawn, but also very fidgety and compelled to work obsessively at some project or other. That’s why the description of bipolar disorder sufferers as ‘manic depressives’ isn’t always useful – the symptoms can be very different from what most people characterize as ‘mania’ or depression.

It’s important that people who suffer from bipolar disorder seek out medical help. That’s where friends and family can have a big influence on them. Often, when they are in a manic state, feeling ‘high’, people feel their bipolar condition is a big plus – they think it is part of their personality that makes them special, and so they don’t want to seek treatment. Then when things are ‘normal’ again they may think the problem has gone away. Anyone who lives with or knows someone with bipolar disorder needs to help them make the decision to seek treatment.

Although there is no ‘cure’ for bipolar disorder, treatment by lithium and other medication can make a huge improvement in their lives. Most people with bipolar disorder are able to live normal lives, holding down a job, enjoying their family’s company and socializing happily. That’s often the case even when a particularly acute manic episode has previously involved hospitalization.

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